Cardiovascular diseases of children and young people
Cardiovascular diseases of children and young people
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Cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents: causes, symptoms, and treatment approaches Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in children and adolescents represent a significant health problem both in Pediatrics and in pediatric cardiology in focus. To lead though such diseases in younger patients occur less often than in adults, you can get significant health problems and in the worst case, even to life-threatening situations. Causes and risk factors The causes of CVD in children are diverse and can be roughly divided into two categories: Congenital heart defects (CHF): These are the most common Form of cardiovascular diseases in childhood. They emerge during embryonic development and include Fallot abnormalities such as atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD) or complex malformations such as tetralogy. Acquired heart diseases: To belong to this group of diseases, occurring after birth, such as: rheumatic heart disease (a result of an untreated streptococcal infection); Cardiomyopathies (heart muscle); myocardial inflammation (myocarditis); High blood pressure (hypertension), which is diagnosed in the last time as a result of Obesity and lack of physical activity is increasingly in adolescents. Risk factors include family history, genetic syndromes (e.g., Down syndrome), prenatal infections, as well as lifestyle factors such as unhealthy diet, lack of exercise and obesity. Symptoms The symptoms of heart disease in children varies depending on the Erkrankungstyp and severity. Typical signs are: Pallor or cyanosis (bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes); Shortness of breath, especially with physical exertion or when breast-feeding of infants; decreased physical performance; unusual heart sounds, which are not noticeable during the physical examination; Dizziness, Loss Of Consciousness (Syncope); Edema (water retention), and in particular on the legs or on the face; increased heart rate (tachycardia) or irregular heart beat (arrhythmia). Diagnostics Early and accurate diagnosis is for the further success of the therapy is of crucial importance. Among the common diagnostic procedures: History and physical examination: examination of symptoms and family Background, auscultation of the heart. Eleufzeichen (ECG): recording of the electrical activity of the heart for the detection of arrhythmias or other disorders. Echocardiography (ultrasound of the heart): imaging technique for the assessment of cardiac structure and function. X-ray of the Thorax: to assess heart size and pulmonary circulation. Stress testing: the evaluation of cardiac performance during physical effort. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): for a detailed presentation of the heart and blood vessels. Therapy The treatment approach depends on the specific disease: Drug therapy: the use of diuretics, ACE‑inhibitors, beta-blockers or antiarrhythmic agents for the stabilization of cardiac function. Catheter interventions: minimally invasive procedures for the repair of heart defects (e.g., closure of septal defects). Surgical procedures: surgical correction of complex congenital heart defects, multiple steps spread over time. Style changes: recommendations for a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and weight control, in particular in adolescents with hypertension or obesity life. Long-term monitoring: regular follow-up by a pediatric cardiologist to detect possible complications at an early stage. Forecast and prevention The prognosis of CVD has improved in the last decades due to advances in diagnosis and therapy. Many children with congenital heart defects today can lead an almost normal life, when the disease is detected and treated in time. Preventive measures include education about healthy way of life, regular medical examinations and early treatment of infections that can affect the heart. Would you like me to make a certain section in more detail or more aspects of the subject complement?
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What is hypertension begins? High blood pressure, known medically as hypertension, is one of the most common health problems of modern society. Many people live for years with elevated blood pressure, without realizing it, because the disease often shows a long time, no clear symptoms. However, when high blood pressure actually starts? And what can be done to detect it early on and to fight? What is considered normal blood pressure? To understand, when blood pressure is considered to be increased, it is important to know the normal values. A healthy blood pressure is around 120/80 mmHg. The first value (systolic) is the pressure the blood from the heart to the vessels is pumped. The second value (Diastole) shows the pressure in the vessels when the heart relaxes. High blood pressure, begins when these values are consistently above 140/90 mmHg. Doctors distinguish several stages: mild hypertension: 140-159/90-99 mmHg, moderate hypertension: 160-179/100-109 mmHg, severe hypertension: from 180/110 mmHg. How is high blood pressure? High blood pressure occurs when blood vessels are narrowed or stiff, or if the heart is more pumping than normal. As a result, the pressure in the arteries increases. This stress can cause over the years to serious consequences, such as heart attack, stroke or kidney damage. What are the factors that favour the beginning? There are a number of factors that increase the risk for high blood pressure: Overweight and obesity: The more body weight, the more blood is necessary to supply the body — and the higher the blood pressure. Lack of exercise: Regular physical activity lowers blood pressure and strengthens the heart. Nutrition: Too much salt, fat and sugar in the diet, the cardiovascular System. Stress: constant Stress can cause blood pressure to rise. Genetics: A family history increases the risk. Age: With increasing age, a tendency of the blood pressure to rise. Nicotine and alcohol: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can damage the blood vessel walls and increase blood pressure. Early detection is the key Because high blood pressure often begins insidiously, and for a long time causes discomfort, the regular monitoring of blood pressure is especially important. Especially people over 40 years, people who are Overweight or a family history exists should have their blood pressure measured regularly. Younger people should not go out hastily to assume that you can not be affected. Prevention and treatment The beginning of high blood pressure can often be through a healthy lifestyle, to delay or even prevent: plenty of exercise (at least 150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week), a balanced diet with plenty of vegetables, fruits and fiber, Reduction of salt consumption to less than 5 g per day, Waiver of nicotine and moderate use of alcohol, Stress management through relaxation techniques or Hobbies. In some cases, drugs are necessary to the blood pressure to a healthy level. The decision of the doctor, after a thorough investigation. Conclusion High blood pressure often begins inconspicuous, but its consequences can be serious. Early detection and a healthy lifestyle are the best Prevention. Take seriously your blood pressure: measure it on a regular basis and talk with your doctor if you have uncertainties. Your heart and blood vessels will thank you for it.